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Interactions between organisms that are beneficial to both species involved are called ____. ​


A) abiotic
B) food chains ​
C) ecological niches ​
D) symbiotic relationships ​
E) Allen's Rule relationships ​

F) All of the above
G) C) and E)

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Benthos animals include sponges and corals. ​

A) True
B) False

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Zones of transition, or overlap, between two plant or animal communities are called _______________. ​

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On land, a traveler would notice a decrease in primary productivity by traveling from the tropics to higher latitudes.

A) True
B) False

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Trophic structure refers to the pattern of food consumption in an ecosystem. ​

A) True
B) False

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Earth's terrestrial ecosystems can be categorized into one of four basic types: ____. ​


A) forest, grassland, desert, and highlands
B) forest, grassland, desert, and tundra ​
C) forest, shrub, grassland, and tundra ​
D) rain forest, coniferous forest, grassland, and desert ​
E) rain forest, shrub, grassland, and desert ​

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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Explain how slope aspect can affect vegetation patterns in highlands. ​

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Slope aspect leads to different microcli...

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The second law of thermodynamics states that whenever energy is transformed from one state to another, there will be a loss (dissipation)of energy through heat. ​

A) True
B) False

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Autotrophs are responsible for _______________ productivity. ​

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Which biome once extended continuously from Alberta, Canada to Texas in North America? ​


A) broadleaf deciduous forest
B) coniferous forest ​
C) tall-grass prairie ​
D) desert ​
E) tundra ​

F) None of the above
G) A) and B)

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A great deal more biomass (and food energy)is available in a field of corn than there is in the cattle that eat the corn. ​

A) True
B) False

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The combination of role and habitat for a particular species is referred to as its _______________. ​

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ecological...

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The locational setting with certain characteristics that a species lives in is called its _______________. ​

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Forests are found only under conditions where annual moisture balance is positive. ​

A) True
B) False

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Plants that have developed mechanisms to combat drought are known as ____. ​


A) driophytes
B) xerophytes ​
C) trilobytes ​
D) trogolodytes ​
E) epiphytes ​

F) B) and D)
G) B) and C)

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Midlatitude grasslands occupy the transition zone between midlatitude forests and deserts. ​

A) True
B) False

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In a mixed forest, where are deciduous trees found as compared to evergreens? ​


A) on the soil with more clay
B) on less acidic soil ​
C) on the thicker soil ​
D) on shallower slopes ​
E) at lower elevations

F) A) and E)
G) B) and D)

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Thornbush and scrub forests tend to be found ____. ​


A) on the subtropical margins of rainforests, where soils are especially poor in nutrients
B) in the wettest regions of tropical rainforest climates ​
C) in midlatitude desert climates ​
D) at the poleward boundary of the taiga ​
E) in marine west coast climates ​

F) A) and D)
G) A) and C)

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Species that can survive on a wide variety of food are called ____. ​


A) abiotic
B) heterotrophs ​
C) specialists ​
D) secondary producers ​
E) generalists ​

F) A) and D)
G) A) and B)

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Trees that have taken on a low, twisted form to minimize their wind exposure in the harsh conditions near the limit of tree growth are referred to as ____. ​


A) krummholz
B) bergmann ​
C) slope aspect ​
D) epiphytes ​
E) pioneer communities ​

F) A) and E)
G) B) and C)

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