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In general, there has been a decline of prejudice attitudes toward Black and African Americans in the United States.

A) True
B) False

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African Americans have many strengths. List at least three that the textbook describe.

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Varies, but here are examples of possible answers: positive ethnic identity, an extended family kin network, flexible family roles, achievement orientation, and spiritual beliefs and practices. The African American family and the Black church with its inculcation of strong spiritual beliefs have been said to account for the finding that African Americans have lower levels of heavy and binge drinking.

A positive African American identity can be harmful for clients, given the prejudice and discrimination they face in the United States.

A) True
B) False

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Why is it important for a counselor to be aware of and familiar with the revised Cross model?

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Clinicians must deal with the identity stage in which his or her client is located. The clinician works to help the client develop a healthy African American identity. Lack of client trust may become a factor if the client is in the early stages of Black identity development. The clinician does not pretend that he or she is color blind when it comes to working with the African American client. Instead, the clinician engages the client in an honest discussion about their ethnic/racial differences and the impact that such differences might have on their therapeutic alliance. Clinicians can have a positive impact on an African American's healthy ethnic identity development by providing them with the support and space to explore and find their own identity as it fits into the broad American society.

What is the greatest strength of African Americans?


A) resilience
B) protective factors
C) positive identity
D) family

E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

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A

Which of the following is true regarding the demographics of the African American population in the United States, according to the U.S. Census?


A) Between 2000 and 2010 there was an increase of 4.3 million self-identified African Americans.
B) Between 2000 and 2010 there was a decrease of 4.3 million self-identified African Americans.
C) Between 2000 and 2010 there was an increase of African American immigrants.
D) Between 2000 and 2010 there was a decrease of mixed race Black or African Americans.

E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

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Claiming to be colorblind is problematic because ______.


A) it acknowledges the existence of race as a social issue
B) it denies the existence of race as a social issue
C) it often results in covert racist behaviors
D) it often results in overt racist behaviors

E) None of the above
F) C) and D)

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Which of the following African American women are most likely to seek counseling if a problem arises?


A) Annalise, a woman in poverty
B) Mickey, a woman in the underclass
C) Shayla, a woman in the middle class
D) African American women are not likely to seek counseling

E) None of the above
F) All of the above

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Who is considered the father of the models of ethnic identity development?


A) Cross
B) Fhagan-Smith
C) Glass
D) Smith-Jones

E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

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According to the textbook, what are the worldview and values African Americans have?

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Interdependence, col...

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The underclass is a socioeconomic term used for only African Americans.

A) True
B) False

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______ is an ethnic identity that comes without cost to a person.


A) White or Caucasian
B) Black or African American
C) Symbolic ethnicity
D) Symbolic race

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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What is the Underclass?


A) Another term for those who perpetuate poverty by not becoming educated or finding a job.
B) Those who are below working class and "pull themselves up by the bootstraps."
C) another term for the working class
D) Those who are below working class and show little chance of being able to "pull themselves up by the bootstraps."

E) All of the above
F) B) and D)

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How should counselors conceptualize their role when working with African American clients?


A) expert
B) collaborator
C) leader
D) healer

E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

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Why is it important for counselors to be aware of spiritual/religious orientations for themselves and their African American clients?


A) Religion and spirituality play a limited role.
B) Religion and spirituality congruence between counselors and clients are important factors that contribute to the therapeutic relationship.
C) Religion and spirituality are often at the center of African American culture and may play an important role in treatment.
D) Religion and spirituality do not condone mental health treatment and may be a barrier to services for African Americans.

E) B) and D)
F) A) and D)

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Which of the following is a way to build trust between a counselor and African American client?


A) sympathy
B) empathy
C) discussion of religion and spirituality
D) flexibility

E) B) and D)
F) A) and D)

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More African Americans reported living in poverty in the year 2010 than in 2000.

A) True
B) False

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