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Exam 4: Operating Modes of Mechanical Ventilation

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Question 1

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The advantage of ____ is its ability to track changes in breathing effort over time.

A) mandatory minute ventilation
B) pressure support ventilation
C) assist control
D) proportional assist ventilation

E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

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Question 2

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Neurally adjusted ventilatory assist (NAVA) is a mode of mechanical ventilation in which the patient's electrical activity of the _______________ is used to guide the optimal functions of the ventilator.

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Question 3

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Which of the following should only be used when the patient is properly medicated with a combination of sedatives, respiratory depressants, and neuromuscular blockers?

PRVC is used primarily to achieve volume support while keeping the peak inspiratory pressure (PIP) at a lowest level possible.

Which of the following refers to how the ventilator uses a mathematical model to alter the set points to achieve a target goal?

Regardless of which operating mode is selected, modern ventilators should achieve four main goals: provide adequate ventilation and oxygenation, avoid ventilator-induced lung injury, provide patient-ventilator synchrony, and allow successful _______________ from mechanical ventilation.

Why are pressure-supported breaths considered spontaneous?

Positive pressure ventilation creates a transairway pressure gradient by decreasing the alveolar pressures to a level below the airway opening pressure.

Pressure support ventilation is a closed-loop system in which the input (set pressure) is constant and the output (flow) is variable.

Explain the advantages of AC mode.

_______________ incorporates pressure support ventilation with conventional volume-assisted cycles to provide stable tidal volume in patients with irregular breathing patterns.

During VS, the ventilator frequency and ____ are determined by the triggering effort of the patient.

____ uses the Otis equation to calculate the optimal frequency that corresponds with the lowest work of breathing.

____ is not commonly regarded as a "stand-alone" mode, rather it is applied in conjunction with other ventilator modes.

Volume ventilation plus is an option that combines two different dual mode breath types: _______________.

Complications and hazards associated with PEEP include decreased venous return and cardiac output, barotrauma, increased intracranial pressure, and alterations of ____.

In conventional mechanical ventilation, the I time is traditionally lower than the E time so that the I:E ratio ranges from about 1:1.5 to ____.

What are the adverse effects of IRV?

Since SIMV breaths are delivered at a frequency independent of the patient's spontaneous frequency, breath stacking may occur.

What are the three major indications for PEEP?