Question 1

The thirst center in the hypothalamus is stimulated by ________ of the extracellular fluid, and is inhibited by ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  an increase in the osmotic pressure; distension of the stomach by water
B)  a decrease in the osmotic pressure; stimulation of osmoreceptors
C)  a decrease in sodium ions; an increase in sodium ions
D)  nerve impulses from the cerebrum; nerve impulses from the thalamusE) C) and D)
F) B) and C) A

Question 2

Respiratory alkalosis can be

Accepted Answer

A)  caused by anything that decreases breathing rate.
B)  compensated for by a increased secretion of bases by the kidneys.
C)  compensated for by a decreased respiratory rate.
D)  characterized by muscle paralysis.E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 3

Water obtained as a by-product of the oxidation of various nutrients is called water of ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Water obtained as a by-product of the...

Question 4

The sequence of symptoms of heatstroke is

Accepted Answer

A)  neurological symptoms, dizziness, skin reddening, and then headache and racing heart.
B)  headache, dizziness, exhaustion, then sweating, which stops as the skin becomes red, hot, and dry.
C)  intense itching, profuse sweating, kidney failure, racing pulse, headache.
D)  fever, itching, redness, headache, numb extremities, vomiting.E) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 5

Carbon dioxide reacts with water to form ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Carbon dioxide reacts with water to form...

Question 6

Chemical buffer systems act rapidly against shifts in pH, whereas physiological buffer systems function more slowly.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

A blood pH of 7.2 inhibits the respiratory center in the brainstem and decreases CO₂ level.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Acid-base buffer systems minimize pH changes by

Accepted Answer

A)  converting weak acids to strong acids.
B)  converting strong acids to weak acids.
C)  increasing breathing rate.
D)  promoting the excretion of hydrogen ions.E) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 9

The ratio of intracellular to extracellular fluids in the body of an average male is

Accepted Answer

A)  1:1
B)  1:2
C)  2:1
D)  3:2E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 10

If excess water enters the body,

Accepted Answer

A)  ADH release increases.
B)  more water is reabsorbed from the renal tubules.
C)  osmoreceptors in the brain swell.
D)  the collecting duct becomes more permeable to water.E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 11

Symptoms of respiratory alkalosis include

Accepted Answer

A)  light headedness.
B)  agitation.
C)  tingling sensations.
D)  all of the answer choices are correct.E) All of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 12

The ________ fluid compartment includes all water and electrolytes enclosed by a cell membrane.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The ________ fluid compartment includes all water...

Question 13

What is edema?

Accepted Answer

A)  A response to dehydration
B)  Hyperproteinemia
C)  Abnormal accumulation of extracellular fluid
D)  Decreased venous pressureE) C) and D)
F) A) and C) C

Question 14

A person in a moderate environment would lose the greatest volume of water in

Accepted Answer

A)  sweat.
B)  mucus.
C)  feces.
D)  urine.E) B) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 15

An arterial blood pH above 7.45 is called ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of An arterial blood pH above 7.45 is...

Question 16

Acidosis is a condition in which the pH of arterial blood is

Accepted Answer

A)  below 4.5.
B)  above 4.5.
C)  below 7.35.
D)  above 7.35.E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 17

Lara had a gastric band placed around her stomach, which makes it smaller and able to hold less. How will this affect her thirst?

Accepted Answer

A)  Her thirst is more difficult to satisfy.
B)  No aspect of her thirst mechanism is altered.
C)  Less water intake is needed to satisfy her thirst.
D)  She will continue to be thirsty after drinking.E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 18

When sodium ions are reabsorbed in response to the action of aldosterone, potassium ions are

Accepted Answer

A)  actively reabsorbed.
B)  passively reabsorbed.
C)  secreted.
D)  reabsorbed.E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 19

ADH level in blood regulates water output by what mechanism?

Accepted Answer

A)  The amount of filteration at the glomeruli is altered
B)  The amount of water reabsorbed at the nephron loops is altered
C)  The amount of water reabsorbed at the distal convoluted tubules and collecting ducts is altered
D)  The amount of sodium ions reabsorbed by the distal convoluted tubules and collecting ducts is alteredE) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 20

Transcellular fluid includes the water and electrolytes in the

Accepted Answer

A)  cerebrospinal fluid.
B)  interstitial fluid.
C)  blood vessels.
D)  cytoplasm.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D) A

Exam 21: Water, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance

The thirst center in the hypothalamus is stimulated by ________ of the extracellular fluid, and is inhibited by ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedA

Respiratory alkalosis can be

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Water obtained as a by-product of the oxidation of various nutrients is called water of ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The sequence of symptoms of heatstroke is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Carbon dioxide reacts with water to form ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Chemical buffer systems act rapidly against shifts in pH, whereas physiological buffer systems function more slowly.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A blood pH of 7.2 inhibits the respiratory center in the brainstem and decreases CO₂ level.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Acid-base buffer systems minimize pH changes by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The ratio of intracellular to extracellular fluids in the body of an average male is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If excess water enters the body,

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Symptoms of respiratory alkalosis include

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The ________ fluid compartment includes all water and electrolytes enclosed by a cell membrane.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is edema?

Correct AnswerverifiedC

A person in a moderate environment would lose the greatest volume of water in

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An arterial blood pH above 7.45 is called ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Acidosis is a condition in which the pH of arterial blood is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Lara had a gastric band placed around her stomach, which makes it smaller and able to hold less. How will this affect her thirst?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When sodium ions are reabsorbed in response to the action of aldosterone, potassium ions are

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

ADH level in blood regulates water output by what mechanism?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Transcellular fluid includes the water and electrolytes in the

Correct AnswerverifiedA

The thirst center in the hypothalamus is stimulated by of the extracellular fluid, and is inhibited by .

Correct Answer
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