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An increase in nominal GDP increases the demand for money because:


A) interest rates will rise.
B) more money is needed to finance a larger volume of transactions.
C) bond prices will fall.
D) the opportunity cost of holding money will decline.

E) A) and C)
F) C) and D)

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The total quantity of money demanded is determined by:


A) subtracting the asset demand for money from the transactions demand for money.
B) adding the transactions demand for money to the asset demand for money.
C) subtracting the transactions demand for money from nominal GDP.
D) adding the asset demand for money to nominal GDP.

E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

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An expansionary monetary policy will decrease net exports.

A) True
B) False

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On a diagram wherein the interest rate and the quantity of money demanded are shown on the vertical and horizontal axes respectively, the asset demand for money can be represented by:


A) a line parallel to the horizontal axis.
B) a vertical line.
C) a downward sloping line or curve from left to right.
D) an upward sloping line or curve from left to right.

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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In the Bank of Canada's consolidated balance sheet, the largest asset is:


A) loans to chartered banks.
B) notes in circulation.
C) government deposits.
D) government securities.

E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

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Which of the following is an asset on the balance sheet of the Bank of Canada?


A) reserves of chartered banks
B) Government of Canada deposits
C) Bank of Canada notes in circulation
D) advances to chartered banks

E) All of the above
F) None of the above

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Other things equal, an expansionary monetary policy will shift the economy's aggregate demand curve to the right.

A) True
B) False

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Which of the following would provide the most accurate description of events when monetary authorities increase the size of chartered banks' excess reserves?


A) A fall in interest rates decreases the money supply, causing an increase in investment spending, output, and employment.
B) A rise in interest rates increases the money supply, causing a decrease in investment spending, output, and employment.
C) The money supply is decreased, which increases the interest rate, and causes investment spending, output, and employment to decrease.
D) The money supply is increased, which decreases the interest rate, and causes investment spending, output, and employment to increase.

E) None of the above
F) A) and C)

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Open-market operations change:


A) the size of the monetary multiplier, but not chartered bank reserves.
B) chartered bank reserves, but not the size of the monetary multiplier.
C) neither chartered bank reserves nor the size of the monetary multiplier.
D) both chartered bank reserves and the size of the monetary multiplier.

E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

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  -Refer to the above graph, in which D<sub>t</sub> is the transactions demand for money, D<sub>m</sub> is the total demand for money, and S<sub>m</sub> is the supply of money. The transactions demand for money in this market for money is: A)  $125. B)  $175. C)  $250. D)  $325. -Refer to the above graph, in which Dt is the transactions demand for money, Dm is the total demand for money, and Sm is the supply of money. The transactions demand for money in this market for money is:


A) $125.
B) $175.
C) $250.
D) $325.

E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

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All else equal, when the Bank of Canada engages in an expansionary monetary policy, the interest rate received on government securities tends to:


A) fall.
B) rise.
C) remain constant.
D) move in the same direction as the bonds' price.

E) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

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The effect of quantitative easing is to:


A) lowering bond prices and thus reduce interest rates.
B) raising bond prices and thus increase interest rates.
C) raising bond prices and thus reduce interest rates.
D) lowering bond prices and thus increase interest rates.

E) C) and D)
F) None of the above

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      -Refer to the above graphs, in which the numbers in parentheses after the AD<sub>1</sub>, AD<sub>2</sub>, and AD<sub>3</sub> labels indicate the level of investment spending associated with each curve, respectively. All numbers are in billions of dollars. The interest rate and the level of investment spending in the economy are at point D on the investment demand curve. To achieve the goal of a non-inflationary full-employment output Q<sub>f</sub> in the economy, the monetary authorities should: A)  decrease aggregate demand by increasing the interest rate from 2 to 4 percent. B)  decrease aggregate demand by increasing the interest rate from 4 to 6 percent. C)  increase aggregate demand by decreasing the interest rate from 4 to 2 percent. D)  increase the level of investment spending from $120 billion to $150 billion.       -Refer to the above graphs, in which the numbers in parentheses after the AD<sub>1</sub>, AD<sub>2</sub>, and AD<sub>3</sub> labels indicate the level of investment spending associated with each curve, respectively. All numbers are in billions of dollars. The interest rate and the level of investment spending in the economy are at point D on the investment demand curve. To achieve the goal of a non-inflationary full-employment output Q<sub>f</sub> in the economy, the monetary authorities should: A)  decrease aggregate demand by increasing the interest rate from 2 to 4 percent. B)  decrease aggregate demand by increasing the interest rate from 4 to 6 percent. C)  increase aggregate demand by decreasing the interest rate from 4 to 2 percent. D)  increase the level of investment spending from $120 billion to $150 billion. -Refer to the above graphs, in which the numbers in parentheses after the AD1, AD2, and AD3 labels indicate the level of investment spending associated with each curve, respectively. All numbers are in billions of dollars. The interest rate and the level of investment spending in the economy are at point D on the investment demand curve. To achieve the goal of a non-inflationary full-employment output Qf in the economy, the monetary authorities should:


A) decrease aggregate demand by increasing the interest rate from 2 to 4 percent.
B) decrease aggregate demand by increasing the interest rate from 4 to 6 percent.
C) increase aggregate demand by decreasing the interest rate from 4 to 2 percent.
D) increase the level of investment spending from $120 billion to $150 billion.

E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

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  -Refer to the above information. An increase in the money supply of $20 billion will cause the equilibrium interest rate to: A)  fall by 4 percentage points. B)  fall by 2 percentage points. C)  rise by 4 percentage points. D)  rise by 2 percentage points. -Refer to the above information. An increase in the money supply of $20 billion will cause the equilibrium interest rate to:


A) fall by 4 percentage points.
B) fall by 2 percentage points.
C) rise by 4 percentage points.
D) rise by 2 percentage points.

E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

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The prime interest rate:


A) affects investment spending while the overnight rate affects consumption spending.
B) affects consumption spending while the overnight rate affects investment spending.
C) has no effect on exchange rates and net exports.
D) affects investment spending while the overnight rate affects overnight borrowing of bank reserves.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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An expansionary monetary policy that is used to stimulate economic growth in the domestic economy:


A) increases the overnight rate.
B) results in a selling of government securities.
C) is compatible with the economic goal of correcting a trade deficit.
D) conflicts with the economic goal of correcting a trade deficit.

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

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The price of government bonds and the interest rate received by a bond buyer are:


A) negatively related.
B) unrelated.
C) positively related.
D) independent of Bank of Canada open-market operations.

E) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

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Suppose the Bank of Canada sells $2 billion of government bonds to the public, which pays for them by drawing cheques. As a result, chartered bank reserves will:


A) increase by $10 billion.
B) remain unchanged.
C) decrease by $2 billion.
D) increase by $2 billion.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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An expansionary monetary policy is appropriate for the alleviation of domestic:


A) unemployment and compatible with the goal of correcting a trade deficit.
B) unemployment and compatible with the goal of correcting a trade surplus.
C) inflation and compatible with the goal of correcting a trade deficit.
D) inflation and compatible with the goal of correcting a trade surplus.

E) A) and C)
F) C) and D)

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Refer to the above information. Suppose the Bank of Canada buys $2 in securities from the public. As a result of this transaction, the supply of money will:


A) directly increase by $2 and the money-creating potential of the chartered banking system will increase by $38.
B) directly increase by $40 and the money-creating potential of the chartered banking system will increase by $800.
C) directly increase by $2 and the money-creating potential of the chartered banking system will be unaffected.
D) be unaffected but the money-creating potential of the chartered banking system will increase by $40.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

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